Healthy Pregnancy, Healthy Baby: Understanding Hypertension & Gestational Diabetes

Without proper prenatal care, you could be at higher risk for conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) and gestational diabetes. We spoke with Michele Ewing, RN, Manager of the Maternity Program at Independence Blue Cross, to learn about these conditions, including who’s at risk, how they affect pregnancy and how they are managed.

Can anyone develop hypertension during pregnancy? Who is most at risk?
ME: Anyone can develop hypertension during pregnancy; it affects 5 to 10% of pregnant people. Those under age 20 and over age 40, as well as people who have had hypertension or preeclampsia in the past, are at higher risk for the condition. People who have diabetes, an immune system disorder, kidney disease, are expecting multiple babies, are obese, and are Black may also be at risk.

What are the risks of hypertension during pregnancy?
ME: Hypertension puts extra stress on your body and is always cause for concern. It puts you at higher risk of preterm birth, preeclampsia, stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure, as well as a Cesarean section.
How is it managed, and does it resolve after delivery? ME: It’s managed by monitoring blood pressure, urine frequency and fetal growth. Low-dose aspirin and blood pressure medications may be recommended. Hypertension usually resolves after delivery, but it does raise your risk of hypertension and heart issues in the future. Severe cases may require medication postpartum, and follow-up care within 10 days of giving birth is essential. 

What is gestational diabetes? Who is most at risk?
ME: This type of diabetes happens when the baby is growing and blocks insulin from properly getting to the mother. You’re at a higher risk if you have heart disease, a family history of type 2 diabetes, previous high blood pressure, or polycystic ovarian syndrome. You’re also at a higher risk if you’re obese, over 35 or of South and East Asian, Hispanic, Native American, or Pacific Island descent. It occurs in 8 to 10% of pregnancies.

What are the risks of gestational diabetes for you and the baby?
ME: For a pregnant person, it can lead to high blood pressure, preeclampsia, a higher likelihood of C-section, and future diabetes. For the baby, it can cause a high birth weight, early birth, trouble breathing, low blood sugar, higher risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, or stillbirth.

How is gestational diabetes managed during pregnancy?
ME: If you have it, you’ll need to monitor your baby’s growth and your blood sugar levels. Blood levels can be tested at home; insulin shots can also help, if needed. Prioritize a healthy diet by avoiding processed food and sugary drinks, drinking water to stay hydrated, eating smaller meals at the same time each day. Regular exercise is also important.

For information, news and additional healthy tips, visit ibx.com or follow Independence Blue Cross on Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram and YouTube.