Colon Cancer Cases in Young People Are Rising. A Philly Physician Explains What You Should Do

Colon cancer cases in people under 55 have nearly doubled in the past 25 years.

While colorectal cancer is generally uncommon among young people, a recent report by the American Cancer Society reveals a concerning trend. The number of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer cases in individuals under 55 has nearly doubled in the past 25 years—making up 20% of all newly diagnosed cases in 2019, compared with just 11% in 1995.

Dr. Daniel Lin, a medical oncologist who specializes in gastrointestinal cancer at Jefferson Health’s Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, provides his insights.

Do we know why colorectal cancer is rising?

“We’ve been observing a rising incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer for some time now, even in other countries,” says Dr. Lin.

A staggering 60% of these patients don’t have identifiable risk factors. “I’ve encountered cases in individuals ranging from their 20s to 40s, and the majority don’t have a hereditary predisposition,” explains Dr. Lin. “We still do not have a clear understanding of why this is occurring.”

Some experts point to obesity, diabetes, excessive alcohol use and other environmental factors as potential risk factors. “Lifestyle and environmental risk factors such as low physical activity, obesity and diets with processed foods and low fiber intake may alter your gut microbiome, leading to inflammatory changes that can contribute to the development of colorectal cancer,” says Dr. Lin.

But that still doesn’t explain all the cases Dr. Lin is seeing. “What’s interesting is that many young patients with colorectal cancer don’t necessarily fit an unhealthy clinical profile,” says Dr. Lin. “Many are also generally healthy and physically active prior to their diagnosis.”

When should I get screened?

The screening age for colorectal cancer was lowered from 50 to 45 for people with average risk. If a primary or secondary family member has had colorectal cancer or advanced polyps, it’s important to talk to your doctor.

“If you have a family history, you should start screening at 40 years old or 10 years before the age your first-degree relative was diagnosed,” explains Dr. Lin.

What can I do to reduce my risk?

Some studies suggest you may reduce your risk by exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol consumption and avoiding tobacco.

“Taking care of your gut health is important to reduce your risk of developing many chronic diseases,” says Dr. Lin. “A general rule of thumb is to balance your diet and eat in moderation.” Diets low in red and processed meats, and high in fiber, from foods such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables, can be beneficial in preventing diseases.

When should I talk to my doctor?

Unfortunately, many young people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer in its advanced stages because symptoms can be misinterpreted. Symptoms to watch out for include unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal pain or blood in your stool.

“Pay attention to unusual symptoms, especially if they persist,” advises Dr. Lin. “While these symptoms might not immediately suggest colorectal cancer, it’s important to advocate for yourself and seek answers with a comprehensive evaluation.”

To make an appointment with a Jefferson Health provider, call 1-800-JEFF NOW or visit JeffersonHealth.org.